The following five techniques form the basis for overcoming automobile dependence:

• Traffic calming: To slow auto traffic and create more urban, humane environments better suited to other transportation modes.
• Quality transit, bicycling, and walking: To provide genuine options to the car.
• Urban villages: To create multinodal centers with mixed, dense land use that reduce the need to travel and that are linked to good transit.
• Growth management: To prevent urban sprawl and redirect development into urban villages.
• Taxing transportation better: To cover the external costs of transportation and to use the revenues to help build a sustainable city based on the previous policies.

— from Peter Newman and Jeffrey Kenworthy, Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence, 1999